The Pill: Period Relief or Hidden Health Risk?
What’s the alternative?
The Oral Contraceptive Pill (OCP), commonly referred to as “the pill” has been widely used since its introduction in the 1960s. Initially designed to prevent pregnancy, the OCP is now frequently prescribed for a range of non-contraceptive purposes, including managing heavy and painful periods.
While the pill may offer relief from these symptoms, it is not without drawbacks. Young women are taking it unknowingly, not realising the damaging effects it can have on their hormones and overall health.
Let’s explore how the OCP works, its potential side effects, why it’s prescribed for heavy periods, and herbal alternatives for managing menstrual symptoms.
Why the OCP is prescribed for menstrual symptoms
The OCP contains synthetic versions of oestrogen and progesterone, which work by:
- Preventing ovulation by stopping the ovaries from releasing an egg, thereby inhibiting pregnancy.
- Thickening cervical mucous which makes it more difficult for sperm to enter the uterus and reach an egg.
- Thinning the uterine lining, making it less likely for a fertilised egg to implant.
By adjusting hormonal pathways, the OCP significantly reduces menstrual flow by thinning the uterine lining to decrease blood loss and alleviates cramps by limiting ovulation and stabilising hormone levels.
However, the OCP only manages symptoms and does not address underlying causes such as hormonal imbalances or endometriosis. Discontinuing the pill can often lead to a recurrence or even intensification of symptoms, highlighting the need to explore more sustainable solutions that target the root causes of menstrual issues.
Negative effects of taking the pill
Nutrient depletion
The OCP is known to deplete certain vitamins and minerals, including B vitamins (especially B6, B12 and folate), magnesium and zinc. These nutrients are crucial for mood regulation, energy production and overall health, and their depletion can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, depression and irritability.
Increased risk of blood clots
Certain types of the pill, particularly those with higher oestrogen content, are associated with a higher risk of developing blood clots, which can be dangerous if they travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism) or brain (stroke).
Mood changes and emotional well-being
There is a link between OCP use and an increased risk of mood disorders, including anxiety and depression, especially in teenagers and young women due to hormone fluctuations.
Weight gain and water retention
Some women report weight gain and bloating while on the OCP, often due to changes in appetite and water retention.
Libido changes
The OCP can lower testosterone levels, which may reduce libido in some women.
Gut health and microbiome disruption
The pill can disrupt the gut microbiome, contributing to digestive issues such as bloating, constipation or diarrhoea, systemic inflammation and poor nutrient absorption.
5 Herbal Alternatives for Heavy, Painful Periods
Heavy and painful periods can be a challenging experience, but several herbs have been used traditionally to help alleviate these symptoms. Here are five effective herbs that can support menstrual health.
Cramp Bark (Viburnum opulus)
Renowned for its effectiveness in relieving menstrual cramps and uterine discomfort, this herb’s antispasmodic properties help relax the smooth muscles of the uterus, making periods less painful. Cramp bark also supports overall reproductive health by promoting regular menstrual cycles.
Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla)
A gentle yet powerful herb known for its soothing properties, chamomile is particularly beneficial for managing menstrual discomfort. Its anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties can help relax the muscles of the uterus and alleviate cramps. Chamomile is also known for its calming effects, which can reduce stress and anxiety often accompanying painful periods.
Dong Quai (Angelica sinensis)
Commonly referred to as “female ginseng”, this traditional Chinese herb promotes women’s health, particularly during menstruation. Dong quai contains phytoestrogens that assist in balancing hormone levels, helping to regulate menstrual cycles and alleviate cramps, making it beneficial for those with heavy or painful periods.
Raspberry Leaf (Rubus idaeus)
This supportive herb for female reproductive health is used to ease menstrual cramps and regulate menstrual cycles. Rich in vitamins and minerals, raspberry leaf can strengthen uterine muscles and help reduce excessive menstrual bleeding.
Ladies’ Mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris)
Traditionally used to alleviate symptoms associated with heavy and painful periods, this herb has astringent properties that help tone the uterus and regulate menstrual flow. Ladies’ mantle is also known for its analgesic effects, making it effective in easing menstrual pain and discomfort.
How to take herbs for menstrual health
Tea: Steep 1 – 2 teaspoons of the dried herb in hot water for 10 – 15 minutes. This gentle preparation is ideal for herbs like chamomile, raspberry leaf and cramp bark.
Tinctures and liquid extracts: These provide a more concentrated dose of the herb. Follow the specific tincture’s dosage instructions or consult with a qualified herbalist who can advise the best dose for your needs.
Capsules: Similar to tinctures, always check the dosage recommended by the manufacturer or your herbalist.
If you are taking any medication, consult with a herbalist to check for any possible interactions.
Natural alternatives for female health
While the OCP has been widely prescribed for managing heavy and painful periods, it primarily addresses symptoms, rather than the underlying causes of menstrual issues. The potential drawbacks, including nutrient depletion, increased risk of blood clots and mood changes, highlight the need for a more holistic approach to menstrual health. Using herbs like cramp bark and dong quai can provide effective support for alleviating menstrual symptoms while promoting overall hormonal balance.
To learn more about using herbs for hormones and female health, take a look at CNM’s short course Herbs for Everyday Living. For more in-depth training, see the Herbal Medicine Diploma.
